The bounce of the qalqalah letters and the nasal hum on a doubled nun/mim — two traits that are easy to recognise.
| Rule | Letters / form | How to read |
|---|---|---|
| Qalqalah | ق ط ب ج د | The letter bounces. |
| Ghunnah Musyaddadah | نّ مّ | Nasalisation on a doubled nun/mim. |
The letter bounces. The five qalqalah letters, when they carry a sukun, are read with a bounce. Sughrā (mid-word) bounces lightly; kubrā (at the end / on stopping) bounces more strongly.
Hold the letter's articulation point for a moment, then release it with a bounce — like a pressed 'd' sound.
qul a'ūżu birabbil-falaq
"Say, "I seek refuge in the Lord of daybreak"
Full explanation of Qalqalah →
Nasalisation on a doubled nun/mim. Every nun ( نّ ) or mim ( مّ ) carrying a shadda must be read with a full nasal hum of about 2 counts from the nasal cavity.
Hold the sound in the nose for about 2 counts on the doubled letter before continuing. This is the strongest hum.
innā a'ṭainākal-kauṡar
"Indeed, We have granted you, [O Muḥammad], al-Kawthar."
Full explanation of Ghunnah Musyaddadah →
Coloured on these verses of juz 'amma — open the surah to see every rule in each verse:
There are 2: Qalqalah, Ghunnah Musyaddadah.
The letter bounces. The five qalqalah letters, when they carry a sukun, are read with a bounce. Sughrā (mid-word) bounces lightly; kubrā (at the end / on stopping) bounces more strongly.
Nasalisation on a doubled nun/mim. Every nun ( نّ ) or mim ( مّ ) carrying a shadda must be read with a full nasal hum of about 2 counts from the nasal cavity.