Complete List of Tajwid Rules

30 tajwid rules of the Qur'an across 6 families — each with its meaning, how to read it, its trigger letters, and real examples from the Qur'an with audio.

Nun Sukun & Tanwin النُّون السَّاكِنة والتَّنوين

When a silent nun ( نْ ) or tanwin ( ـً ـٍ ـٌ ) meets the letter after it, the recitation branches into 5 rules depending on that letter.

Izhar Halqi
Pronounced clearly, no nasalisation.
إِظْهَار حَلْقِي
Idgham Bighunnah
Merged, with nasalisation.
إِدْغَام بِغُنَّة
Idgham Bilaghunnah
Merged, without nasalisation.
إِدْغَام بِلَا غُنَّة
Iqlab
The nun turns into a mim.
إِقْلَاب
Ikhfa Haqiqi
Concealed + nasalisation.
إِخْفَاء حَقِيقِي

Mim Sukun المِيم السَّاكِنة

Silent mim ( مْ ) has 3 rules. All are called 'syafawi' (labial) because they are articulated with the lips ( syafah ).

Ikhfa Syafawi
The mim is concealed at the lips.
إِخْفَاء شَفَوِي
Idgham Mimi
Mim merges into mim + nasalisation.
إِدْغَام مِيمِي
Izhar Syafawi
The mim is pronounced clearly at the lips.
إِظْهَار شَفَوِي

Lam Ta'rif (Alif Lam) اللَّام التَّعريف

Alif Lam ( الْ ) at the start of a word: sometimes the lam is pronounced clearly (Qamariyah), sometimes it merges into the next letter (Syamsiyah).

Alif Lam Qamariyah
The lam is pronounced clearly.
الْقَمَرِيَّة
Alif Lam Syamsiyah
The lam merges; the next letter is doubled.
الشَّمْسِيَّة

Qalqalah & Ghunnah القَلْقَلة والغُنَّة

The bounce of the qalqalah letters and the nasal hum on a doubled nun/mim — two traits that are easy to recognise.

Qalqalah
The letter bounces.
قَلْقَلَة
Ghunnah Musyaddadah
Nasalisation on a doubled nun/mim.
غُنَّة مُشَدَّدَة

Tafkhim & Tarqiq التَّفخيم والتَّرقيق

Heavy (tafkhim) or light (tarqiq)? It applies to the name of Allah and to the letter ra, depending on the surrounding vowels.

Lam Jalalah
The lam in the name of Allah: heavy or light.
لَام الجَلَالَة
Ra Tafkhim
The ra is read heavy.
رَاء مُفَخَّمَة
Ra Tarqiq
The ra is read light.
رَاء مُرَقَّقَة

Mad (Lengthening) المَدّ

Mad means stretching the sound. From the basic 2-count mad to the 6-count mad lazim — every type stems from mad thabi'i.

Mad Thabi'i
The basic 2-count lengthening.
مَدّ طَبِيعِي
Mad Wajib Muttasil
Mad + hamzah in one word → 4–5 counts.
مَدّ وَاجِب مُتَّصِل
Mad Jaiz Munfasil
Mad at the end of a word + hamzah in the next → 2/4/5 counts.
مَدّ جَائِز مُنْفَصِل
Mad Lin (Layyin)
Silent wau/ya after a fathah, stretched when stopping.
مَدّ لِين
Mad 'Aridh Lissukun
Mad thabi'i before the final letter when stopping → 2/4/6 counts.
مَدّ عَارِض لِلسُّكُون
Mad Iwadh
Tanwin fathah read long when stopping.
مَدّ عِوَض
Mad Badal
Hamzah meeting a mad letter → 2 counts.
مَدّ بَدَل
Mad Tamkin
Doubled ya meeting a silent ya → 2 counts.
مَدّ تَمْكِين
Mad Silah Qashirah
Ha dhamir between two vowels → 2 counts.
مَدّ صِلَة قَصِيرَة
Mad Silah Thawilah
Ha dhamir meeting a hamzah → 4–5 counts.
مَدّ صِلَة طَوِيلَة
Mad Farq
Distinguishing the question hamzah → 6 counts.
مَدّ فَرْق
Mad Lazim Kilmi Mutsaqqal
Mad meeting a doubled letter in one word → 6 counts.
مَدّ لَازِم كِلْمِي مُثَقَّل
Mad Lazim Kilmi Mukhaffaf
Mad meeting a sukun (not a doubled letter) in one word → 6 counts.
مَدّ لَازِم كِلْمِي مُخَفَّف
Mad Lazim Harfi Mutsaqqal
Opening letters that merge → a heavy 6 counts.
مَدّ لَازِم حَرْفِي مُثَقَّل
Mad Lazim Harfi Mukhaffaf
Opening letters without merging → a light 6 counts.
مَدّ لَازِم حَرْفِي مُخَفَّف
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